Background: We aimed to explore the effect of comprehensive cerebral protection on cerebral oxygen me-tabolism and vascular endothelial function in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods: A total of 168 elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected. The patients were divided into a control group and an observation group using random number method, n=84. Patients in the observa-tion group were given comprehensive cerebral protection treatment, and patients in the control group were treated with conventional standardized treatments. The changes of cerebral oxygen metabolism, hemorheology and vascular endothelial function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, oxygen content in arteries and internal jugular veins (Da-vO2), ofoxygen uptake frac-tion (OEF), Oxygen saturation (SpO2), nitric oxide (NO) were increased in both groups in comparison to be-fore treatment, jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2), brain oxygen uptake rate (ERO2), endothelin (ET), intracranial pressure (ICP), whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, reduced viscosity of whole blood, and hematocrit were decreased. However, the changes in the observation group were larger than those in the con-trol group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The treatment of cerebral infarction in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction can effec-tively improve the cerebral oxygen metabolism and vascular endothelial function and improve the blood rheol-ogy, which has important clinical value.

To minimize the risk of embolic events, several protection strategies have been introduced. We have evaluated the short-term outcome of patients who underwent carotid stenting with the routine use of cerebral protection devices. In our center, 36 successful carotid stenting procedures (of 38 attempted) were performed in 37 patients (23 men; age mean [±SD] 66±7 years). Cerebral protection involved distal filter devices (n = 36). The protection device was positioned successfully in 36 of the 38 attempted vessels. Neurologic complications included 1 major stroke and 1 minor stroke and there wasd 1 sudden cardiac death. The rate of stroke or death was 2 for symptomatic lesions and 1 for asymptomatic lesions, and 2 in patients aged < 80 years and 1 in those aged ≥80 years. Protection device-related vascular complications were mild spasm occurring after 3 procedures (8%) but none led to neurologic complications. There were another four cardiogenic deaths in 30 day follow up. In this uncontrolled study, routine cerebral protection during carotid artery stenting was technically feasible and clinically safe. The incidence of major neurologic complications in this study was lower than in previous reports of carotid artery stenting without cerebral protection.

Protecting the privacy of individuals has always been considered a global principle by international institutions and has been stipulated in many international documents. Nowadays, lawmakers have considered personal data more than ever due to the fast pace of the technology and consequently the availability of personal data in cyberspace, their ease of transfer, and the convenience of their processing.The EU has been a frontrunner and, as a comprehensive alternative to the EU Data Protection Act, set out the International Document of General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR) in April 2016, which was approved and implemented by the European Parliament on May 25, 2018. This article aims to demonstrate the scope of personal data and its protection in the General Data Protection Regulations as an international document and Iran's legal system. It further recommends some improvements in cyberspace infrastructures and regulations and the necessity of better designating regulatory bodies to protect individual privacy better

Protective systems constitute the most vital defensive element of power networks against unusual conditions. Therefore, any malfunction caused by cyber-attacks may cause huge consequences for power networks such as widespread blackouts. Among the most critical protective systems vulnerable to cyber intrusions are generator protection, transmission lines, and transformers. Cyber sabotages can be mitigated through strategic proceedings to reduce their impact on the network. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the methods of strengthening the protection system against cyber-attacks, given the importance of power network protection systems. For this purpose, in the first step, protection-based methods for strengthening the power network against cyber-attacks are presented. Then, in the second step, detection-based methods are described to reveal a possible cyber-attack. Since there is no definite guarantee against cyber intrusions, it is possible to prevent the progress of the attack by using attack detection methods. To this end, two types of data-based and model-based algorithms are utilized. In data-based algorithms, network knowledge and information can be optimally used to detect the conditions of cyber-attack compared to the conditions without cyber-attack. In model-based algorithms, parameters of the network are estimated by executing state estimation algorithms based on system relations. Then, data manipulation and cyber intrusions are detected despite the discrepancy between the estimated values and the measured values. Consequently, the use of defense and detection methods to deal with cyber intrusion leads to an increase in the cyber security of the power grid protection system. In this regard, it is very important to use various defense and detection algorithms in combating cyber-attacks.

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is one of the common causes of medical malpractice complaints in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. When the term cerebral palsy is mentioned, the first thought that comes to the mind of the public and some professionals is prolonged labor. However, prolonged labor itself is influenced by multiple causes and factors. Methods: An analysis of existing studies and literature reviews examining the causes and factors influencing Perinatal asphyxia. Findings: Perinatal asphyxia refers to inadequate oxygen or blood supply to the fetus or newborn around the time of birth. This condition can occur due to various factors such as prolonged labor, umbilical cord compression, sudden umbilical cord prolapse, placental abruption, uterine rupture, severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, or other issues affecting blood supply and oxygen delivery. Conclusion: Unforeseen circumstances, underlying or genetic problems, and individual anatomical variations may lead to situations where prevention is impossible. Precisely distinguishing the factors contributing to asphyxia depends on multiple factors requiring multi-disciplinary clinical and laboratory evaluations. Nevertheless, in some cases, the exact cause of cerebral palsy may remain unknown or ambiguous.

Application of sunscreens is one of the most important ways for skin protection against sunburn, early skin aging and skin cancer.Due to variety of sunscreen products, it is necessary to assure their protection ability against the suns damages. Performance assessment of sunscreens against UVB expressed by sun protection factor. Due to great cost of determination methods of this factor in foreign countries, developing a comprehensive protocol for in vivo SPF determination in Iran would have distinct benefits.In this study four international standards have been reviewed and compared for Sun Protection Factor (SPF) determination including ISO24444, FDA2011, AS/NZS 2604: 2012 and CEN 2006. The general process of in vivo SPF determination is similar in these protocols but there are some obvious differences in details that leading to advantages and disadvantages for each of them.In this study a complete document were collected, then regarding to available facilities and with cooperation of Iran food and drug organization a comprehensive in vivo SPF determination protocol will be developed.

Wetlands are the foundation of ecosystems and are among the most important and endangered complex ecosystems globally, providing a range of ecological functions and ecosystem services that support human well-being. Anzali wetland, as one of the largest coastal wetlands in Iran, is known for its global importance in terms of biodiversity. Today, the increase in sedimentation caused by various factors such as deforestation, land use change and river damming has reduced the overall water depth of the wetland, and as a result, its ecological balance and health, biodiversity and sustainability have faced a serious challenge. In this article, the effects of sedimentation and its destructive consequences on the Anzali wetland and the taken watershed management measures have been investigated. This article examines the effects of sedimentation and its destructive consequences on Anzali Wetland, as well as the watershed management measures taken. The results of this study indicate that the watershed of Anzali wetland, particularly the upper watershed, is the main source of sediment load to the wetland. Approximately 80% of the total sediment load comes from the upstream watershed. Overgrazing, deforestation, and limited erosion control measures are among the primary causes of erosion. Overgrazing, deforestation and erosion are the main causes of erosion. Although some efforts have been made to control soil erosion by implementing mechanical, biological, and biomechanical plans in mountainous areas to minimize sediment load from the upper basin, many regions remain not modified due to budget constraints. On the other hand, these plans are facing the challenge of a lack of comprehensive stakeholder participation and community involvement in planning and implementation processes. Implementing comprehensive watershed management approaches that strengthen stakeholder collaboration and consider socio-economic factors not only protects this vital ecosystem but also promotes sustainable development and improves the quality of life for communities that depend on its resources.